Social Security Disability: Determining Eligibility

Determining eligibility for Social Security Disability benefits can be complex, as it depends on several factors, including your work history, the nature of your disability, and your financial situation. This article addresses key questions to help you understand whether you might qualify for disability benefits from the Social Security Administration (SSA).

What are the basic eligibility criteria for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)?

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is aimed at individuals who have worked and contributed to the Social Security system through payroll taxes. Here are the basic criteria for eligibility:

• Work Credits: You must have earned a certain number of work credits, typically 40, half of which must have been earned in the last 10 years leading up to your disability. Younger workers may qualify with fewer credits.
• Medical Condition: You must have a medical condition that meets the SSA’s definition of disability. Generally, this means your disability is severe enough that it prevents you from working in any substantial capacity, is expected to last at least one year, or is terminal.

What are the eligibility requirements for Supplemental Security Income (SSI)?

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is designed for individuals who are disabled, blind, or aged 65 and older, and have limited income and resources. Here’s what you need to know about SSI eligibility:

• Income and Resources: Your income and resources must fall below specific thresholds set by the SSA. Income includes money you earn from work, as well as other sources like pensions and gifts. Resources include things like cash, bank accounts, stocks, and property.
• Disability or Age: You must be either aged 65 or older, blind, or have a medical condition that prevents you from working and is expected to last at least one year or result in death.

How do I know if my medical condition qualifies as a disability?

The SSA maintains a list of medical conditions considered severe enough to prevent an individual from performing substantial work. This list, known as the Blue Book, categorizes conditions according to different body systems and functions. If your condition is not listed, you can still qualify if you can prove that your disability is as severe as a similar condition that is listed, or that it prevents you from working any job considering your age, education, and experience.

Blue Book: https://www.ssa.gov/disability/professionals/bluebook/AdultListings.htm

What is the process for determining disability by the SSA?

The SSA uses a five-step process to determine disability:

1. Are You Working? If you are working and your earnings are above a certain threshold, you typically will not be considered disabled.
2. Severity of Condition: Your condition must significantly limit your ability to perform basic work-related activities for at least 12 months.
3. Listed Conditions: Is your condition listed in the SSA’s Blue Book? If so, you will likely be considered disabled.
4. Can You Do the Work You Previously Did? If your condition does not prevent you from doing the work you did before, you might not be considered disabled.
5. Can You Do Any Other Type of Work? If you can adjust to other work despite your condition, you might not qualify as disabled.

What should I do if I think I’m eligible?

If you believe you are eligible for SSDI or SSI:

• Gather Documentation: Collect all necessary medical records, work history, and financial information.
• Consult an Attorney: Consider consulting a disability attorney or advocate who can provide guidance through the application process.
• Apply: You can apply for SSDI benefits online, through the SSA, or with the help of an attorney’s office.